KISWAHILI Form 1 Topic 7

UANDISHI WA BARUA

Barua za kirafiki ambazo pia huitwa za kidugu huandikwa baina ya watu wa undugu au jamii moja. Katika mada hii utaweza kujifunza muundo wa uandishi wa barua ya kirafiki na jinsi ya kuandika barua ya kirafiki. Utaweza kutofautisha kati ya barua ya kirafiki na ile isiyokuwa ya kirafiki.

Barua za Kirafiki

Iwapo ni katika ndugu barua za kirafiki zaweza kuwa kwa watu kama: baba, mama, shangazi, mume, mke, mtoto, na kadhalika. Katika jamii waandikiwao barua za kirafiki ni kama jirani, rafiki, mpenzi, mwalimu, mwanafunzi, daktari, mgonjwa, na kadhalika.

Muundo wa Barua za Kirafiki

Elezea muundo wa barua za kirafiki

Mambo muhimu ya kuzingatia katika uandishi wa barua za kirafiki:

• ANWANI kamili ya mwandishi, katika herufi hukaa juu upande wa kulia mwa karatasi.
• TAREHE, chini ya anwani.
• MTAJO wa heshima kwa anayeandikiwa, kama vile, mpendwa, mpenzi, na kadhalika, huandikwa kushoto, baada ya tarehe.
• UTANGULIZI wa barua yenyewe ambao kwa desturi huwa ni salamu.
• BARUA YENYEWE ambayo ndiyo kiini cha waraka.
• SALAMU za kumalizia, pengine kwa jamaa na jamii.
• HITIMISHO, katika aya, maalumu ambayo huwa, kwa mfano: ‘Ni mimi baba yako akupendaye,’ na kadhalika.
• SAHIHI ambayo si sharti wala muhimu sana.
• JINA au MAJINA ya mwandishi, mwishoni.

Tazama mfano wa barua ya kirafiki:

Example 1

MUSOMA FISH PACK

S.L.P 4546

MUSOMA

23/5/2013

Mwanangu Nyamchele,

Ninafuraha kukujulisha kuwa nimepokea barua yako. Mambo yote uliyoyaeleza nimeyaelewa barabara. Huku nyumbani sote tu wazima na ni matumaini yetu kwamba afya yako ni nzuri.

Tabia ya kulalamikia chakula ni mbaya. Tabia kama hii ikikomaa husababisha ulafi. Kumbuka hukwenda shuleni kula kama nguruwe. Huko shuleni nimekupeleka ili usome kwa bidii na ujifunze mengi. Usitamani kustarehe na kufikiria maakuli na anasa zingine za ulimwengu huu. Ondoa fikira za chakula akilini mwako na uache uzembe, eboo!

Hebu nikuonye kuhusu kuwapima na kuwachagua walimu. Walimu katika shule hiyo ni wabobezi na ndio maana nikakupeleka hapo. Wanajua mnayostahili kufundishwa. Huna ruhusa ya kusema eti walimu wengine ni wakali na hufundisha haraka haraka sana. Wewe unahitaji kutega sikio na kutii. Ukiwa makini na uwe na imani utayaelewa mambo unayofundishwa. Usisahau kuwa mchagua jembe si mkulima.

Mambo makubwa unayostahili kuyatilia bidii ni masomo yako. Muda wa miaka minne ni mfupi sana. Uonyeshe adabu njema kila wakati. Uwaonyeshe walimu wako taadhima na uwatii daima dawamu.

Jambo lililo kubwa katika shughuli yoyote ni uvumilivu. Ukivumilia utavuna matunda mabivu. Sitachoka kukusisitizia, ‘Ukilima pantosha, utavuna pankwisha.’ Fanya kila jitihada utimize mambo mengi iwezekanavyo kuanzia leo lakini usipapie chochote. Ndo ndo ndo hujaza ndoo.

Mungu akubariki. Umwombe akusaidie katika kila jambo. Ujiepushe na maovu yoyote yale. Ukiwa na jambo usiwe na hofu kutuarifu mara moja. Mama yako amekusalimu sana. Amenikumbusha nikupashe hakuna refu lisilo na ncha.

Kwaheri kwa sasa.

Ni mimi, baba yako akupendaye,

Magafu Malima

• SOMA TOPIC 8: Ufahamu

Strategies for answering exam and test questions

Click on the accordions below to see more information about how best to tackle the following question types in your exam.

Multi-choice questions

Things to remember about multi-choice questions

• Read through the options and try to eliminate the ones that aren’t right. Multi-choice questions usually have one option that is obviously wrong, and three or four others that are similar.  It is important to look carefully at how they are worded in order to select the correct  answer.
• Don’t struggle over a question. Do all of the easy questions first and come back to harder ones later to maximise efficient use of test/exam time.
• Answer all the questions. Even if you are not sure, your educated guess may well be correct. It is better to have a go at answering a question than potentially miss out on a mark.
• When you check back through your paper and think an answer is wrong - change the answer. Research indicates that you will probably be correct in doing so.

Short answer questions

Short answer questions range from a sentence or two through to a paragraph in length.

• Keep to the point. Short answers are usually two-three sentences.
• Main ideas. Your answers should incorporate the key points, words, ideas and phrases the marker will be looking for.
• Leave one or two lines after each answer. This is so you can add important points later on.
• Try to answer all the questions.  If you don’t know the complete answer, put down what you do know, as this is likely to get you some marks.

Exam essay questions

The advice here is in four parts: Time allocation | Task analysis | Planning | Presentation

Time allocation

• Use the reading time at the start of the exam to choose which essay questions you will answer.
• Check how much time you might have to answer each essay question, and stick to it. You can come back and add more to your answer in your revision time at the end of the exam session.
• If you haven’t finished your answer, jot down the rest in note form. This will show the marker what you know, and you might get some marks for it.

Task analysis

• Read the question carefully.
• Underline or highlight the content words. What is the topic?
• Pick out the instruction words in the question, e.g. identify, describe, compare and contrast, evaluate. What are you being asked to do with the topic?

Planning

• Take some time to think and plan your answer. For example: use the reading time to select which essay questions you will answer. Then use the start of the writing time (5-20mins) to make notes of all the points you remember that are relevant to the essay.
  General guide for timing: for 30 minutes of writing, allow 5-7 minutes for planning.
• Plan out the structure by organising your points into a logical order:e.g. by numbering them according to intended sequence.
• General writing rule for exam essays - one paragraph = one point. Follow standard essay-writing procedure, e.g. start with a topic sentence that contains your key point, and then support this with examples, explanations, and evidence.

Presentation

• Make sure your handwriting is legible. Markers should not have to decipher your handwriting. If your handwriting is illegible, it could compromise your marks.
• Make sure that you can express ideas effectively in terms of sentence structure and word use.  Incoherent sentences and incorrect terminology will likely result in the marker not being able to understand your answer properly.
• Don’t worry too much about punctuation, grammar and spelling. Getting your ideas down is more important than ‘perfect’ writing (and markers usually take this into account given that students are writing under pressure in an exam situation). However, you do need a basic level of competency in these areas: an answer that lacks any punctuation and is full of spelling mistakes will probably be incoherent for the marker.
• Don't waffle. Get straight to the point in terms of your answer so that you don’t waste time and word space on unessential or irrelevant detail. Planning your essay beforehand is key to avoiding waffle.

Problem solving questions

Usually these types of questions target formulae, steps in a process, or rules.

• Make sure you write down relevant formulas, equations, and rules. Important: For numerical problems involving computation, make sure you include the appropriate mathematical units in your final answer (e.g. ml, m/sec).
• Clearly show the steps you have taken in working out the answers.
• If necessary, write notes to explain your answers.
• Do the easier answers first, and return to the difficult ones later.